Recall that salience is the degree to which something attracts our attention in a particular context and that we tend to find salient things that are visually or audibly stimulating and things that meet our needs or interests. Some stimuli never make it in, some are filtered into subconsciousness, and others are filtered into various levels of consciousness based on their salience. These perceptual filters also play a role in listening. Our chapter on perception discusses some of the ways in which incoming stimuli are filtered. The first stage of the listening process is receiving stimuli through auditory and visual channels. The fact that these visual cues are missing in e-mail, text, and phone interactions presents some difficulties for reading contextual clues into meaning received through only auditory channels. For example, seeing a person’s face when we hear their voice allows us to take in nonverbal cues from facial expressions and eye contact. Although we don’t often think about visual cues as a part of listening, they influence how we interpret messages. We primarily take in information needed for listening through auditory and visual channels. This part of the listening process is more physiological than other parts, which include cognitive and relational elements. In any given communication encounter, it is likely that we will return to the receiving stage many times as we process incoming feedback and new messages. \)īefore we can engage other steps in the listening process, we must take in stimuli through our senses.
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